Erectile Dysfunction 101

Erectile dysfunction is a medical condition that is diagnosed when a man consistently cannot get an erection or keep an erection long enough to have intercourse. Every man has on occasion had trouble getting or maintaining an erection. Only when the problem is repeated again and again is “erectile dysfunction” diagnosed.

An erection is a complicated psychological and biological phenomenon. Most erections actually begin in the brain, when desire is triggered. Other erections occur under local stimulation of the penile area.

An erection requires that your nervous system carry the right signals from the brain to the penis and back again. These impulses cause two cylinders (the corpora cavernosa) within your penis to relax. The corpora cavernosa are filled with tissue that can gorge with blood only when the cylinders are relaxed.

Your circulatory system must be able to fill the cylinders with blood. The corpora cavernosa are sheathed with a tough membrane, the tunica albuginea. This membrane helps keep blood trapped in the corpora cavernosa.

This trapped blood causes the penis to swell—an erection.

Anything that interferes with any step of the process can cause erectile dysfunction. Disease can cause damage to nerves, blood vessels or muscles. Among the diseases that can cause erectile dysfunction are diabetes, hardening of the arteries, neurologic disease, vascular disease, chronic alcoholism, and multiple sclerosis.

Men with these diseases make up about seventy percent of erectile dysfunction patients. Between a third and a half of men with diabetes will have erectile dysfunction.

Another ten to twenty percent of men have erectile dysfunction because of stress or guilt, anxiety or fear of failure, depression or low self-esteem. The other men who experience erectile dysfunction may owe their problems to medication they are taking, to surgery or to an injury to the penis.

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